Description: The gas sensor in the PLSS of the ISS EMU will meet its projected life in 2020, and NASA is planning to replace it. At present, only high TRL devices based on infrared absorption are candidate replacements, because of their proven long-term stability, despite their size and power consumption and failures in the presence of liquid water. No current compact sensor has the tolerance for liquid water that is specifically required for a Portable Life Support Systems (PLSS), and NASA is investigating alternative technologies for the Advanced EMU under development. Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) will develop a luminescence-based optical sensor probe to monitor carbon dioxide, oxygen, and humidity, and selected trace contaminants. Our monitor will incorporate robust CO2, O2, and H2O partial pressure sensors interrogated with a compact, low-power optoelectronic unit. The sensors not only will tolerate liquid water but will actually operate while wet, and can be remotely connected to electronic circuitry by an optical fiber cable immune to electromagnetic interference. For space systems, these miniature sensor elements with remote optoelectronics give unmatched design flexibility for measurements in highly constrained volume systems such as the space suit. In prior projects IOS has demonstrated a CO2 sensor capable of operating while wet that also met PLSS environmental and analytical requirements. In Phase I, a new generation of CO2 sensors was developed to advance this sensor technology and fully meet all NASA requirements, including sensor life. In Phase II IOS will develop a novel sensor system with unique capabilities for inspired gas monitoring, a unique tool for NASA space suit development. The proposed effort could lead to an alternative to infrared absorption-based devices for space missions. IOS has established collaboration with relevant primes for NASA and the aeronautics and defense industry for technology commercialization.

Benefits: This technology is applicable to the ISS Program through its application during astronaut training in the NBL, and will support the AES program, for rapid and effective development of novel EVA systems. Exhaustive testing of prototype systems reduces risk and improves the affordability of exploration missions. In particular, the advanced CO2 system could be seamlessly integrated with IOS Optical Gas Sensors already installed in the Ventilation Loop 2.0 to characterize several modules of the advanced PLSS under development.

Physiologic events (PE) are a recognized aviation hazard. IOS and Lockheed Martin have developed a fiber optic-based sensor system (MASES) based on technology developed for NASA to monitor the partial pressure of O2 and CO2 inside a flight mask. MASES can anticipate PE, and will be critical for investigating PE mishaps. MASES passed pre-flight qualifications, and civil flight tests.