Description: The main technical objective is to mature the dynamic simulations of N+3 generation aircraft, such that power, propulsion, thermal, and control aspects are adequately included to support the design and hardware testing effort at NASA. In the Phase II-E effort, PCKA developed dynamic models for hybrid-electric power and propulsion components, and system models based on different architectures being investigated at NASA. In the proposed effort, thermal and control components will be integrated into the system model. On the basis of such system model, studies of control and fault protection strategies will be performed. Scaling laws from reduced-scale hardware testbed to full-scale flight powertrain will also be developed.