Description: The Microcosm team will complete the simulation tool architecture early in Phase II, and in parallel begin to develop the simulation. The tool is architected for carrying out performance analysis and rapid trade study assessments of competing navigation/timing architecture options for future NASA missions, incorporating state-of-the art radiometric, x-ray pulsar, and laser communications measurements, among others, in the Orbit Determination Toolbox (ODTBX) environment. The solution centers on inclusion of a navigation layer as part of the communications architecture and on the maintenance and propagation of navigation states, time and associated uncertainties onboard each platform with filtering capabilities enabling updates based on any available measurements. Such measurements include: direct state and uncertainty updates via ground communication, radiometric- and lasercom-based range and range rate data from communication with ground stations and other spacecraft, time transfer from ground stations and other spacecraft, X-ray pulsar-based navigation and time measurements (XNAV), and others as they become available. This would be game-changing for spacecraft autonomy enabling platforms to operate using onboard state information rather than relying almost entirely on ground based tracking and activity scheduling. Additionally, architectures that include long-range intersatellite communication (e.g. relay spacecraft) can provide favorable geometries for significantly improved 3D precision navigation solar-system-wide.

Benefits: A key non-NASA application would be to provide primary or secondary navigation and timing services for DoD missions. The software modules developed for navigation and timing solutions for NASA can be easily transitioned to DoD space systems. The overall navigation and timing architecture concept developed for NASA systems can be adapted to DoD space systems in a straightforward manner. Additionally, commercial systems which may derive benefits from application of non-traditional spacecraft navigation techniques such as XNAV and LNAV, as primary or backup capabilities, may become future customers of the software capabilities developed in the proposed program as well as potential users of the NASA infrastructure. In each case there are a variety of modalities for Microcosm to support from consulting in support of missions/programs to software implementation and integration support.

The proposed navigation and timing architecture simulation capability will provide a tool to support performance evaluation of SCaN architecture concepts in addition to enabling mission planning for human exploration, robotic and infrastructure missions integrating into a future SCaN architecture. Incorporating these new capabilities, including X-ray pulsar-based navigation/timing, lasercom-based navigation, and time distribution into ODTBX, and creating interfaces with other existing analysis and performance assessment tools, will provide enhanced navigation and timing solutions for next-generation space missions from low Earth orbit to the outer solar system. Microcosm envisions several approaches to commercialization to NASA customers and programs: Basic capabilities delivered via updates to open-source ODTBX Contracts to support SCaN architecture evaluation/analysis Contracts to support relevant mission engineering activities Contracts to support integration of tool capabilities with NASA/contractor legacy tools Contracts to support navigation analysis and associated flight software development for NASA programs